AOD-9604 Overview

AOD-9604 is a synthetic peptide fragment derived from the C-terminus of human growth hormone (hGH 176–191, with an added N-terminal Tyr). It is studied for its effects on lipolytic and anti-lipogenic pathways, β3-adrenergic signaling, and metabolic regulation in laboratory and preclinical models.

Heffernan M. et al. (2001).

History

Developed in the late 1990s/early 2000s as a focused hGH fragment, AOD-9604 was advanced into early clinical programs to investigate mechanism-driven metabolic effects and safety. Subsequent summaries report randomized, placebo-controlled trials evaluating IGF-1, glucose tolerance, and immunogenicity endpoints in research settings.

Stier H. et al. (2013).

AOD-9604 Structure

CAS #: 221231-10-3

Molecular Formula: C₇₈H₁₂₃N₂₃O₂₃S₂

Molecular Weight: 1815.1 g/mol

PubChem ID: 71300630

Research Findings

AOD-9604 has been studied in metabolic, musculoskeletal, and systemic models, with research exploring its effects on lipid metabolism, fat utilization, and tissue repair processes. Studies also highlight its potential influence on cartilage protection, bone health, and recovery in preclinical settings.

Key Areas of Research::

• Metabolic: lipid metabolism, fat utilization

• Structural: cartilage, bone, connective tissue

• Systemic: repair, recovery, protection

Together, these findings suggest experimental potential for AOD-9604 across metabolic, structural, and systemic pathways. By modulating fat metabolism and supporting tissue integrity, AOD-9604 provides a versatile platform for research into energy balance, musculoskeletal health, and systemic recovery in laboratory models.

Heffernan M. et al., 2001

References

Heffernan M. et al. (2001). Effects of hGH and its lipolytic fragment (AOD-9604) on lipid metabolism in obese and β3-AR knockout mice. Endocrinology 142(12):5182–5189.

Ng F.M. et al. (2000). Metabolic studies of a synthetic lipolytic domain (AOD-9604) of human growth hormone. Hormone Research 53(6):274–278. (Cited within FDA PCAC briefing).

Stier H., Vos E., Kenley D. (2013). Safety and tolerability of the hexadecapeptide AOD-9604 in humans: summary of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Journal of Endocrinology & Metabolism.